The Red-Wattled Lapwing(Vanellus indicus) is a striking bird known for its bold colors and distinctive vocalization. Found primarily in South Asia, it habitats a range of environments from wetlands to open fields. This blog will help you explore all the details regarding lapwing.
Meaning
The name “Red-Wattled Lapwing” aptly describes this bird’s most distinguishing features: the bright red wattles that adorn its face. These fleshly appendages play a role in attracting mates and signaling aggression. The term “lapwing” is derived from Old Engish, referring to a group of wading birds known for their unique flight pattern and distinctive calls.
Taxonomy
Understanding the taxonomy of the Red-Wattled Lapwing offers insight into the evolutionary relationship and biological classification. Here’s a detailed breakdown:
Kingdom: Animalia
This Kingdom comprises all animals, characterized by multicellular organisms that are heterotrophic, meaning they rely on other organisms for food.
Phylum: Chordata
Members of this phylum possess a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, and pharyngeal slits at some stage of their development, signifying a higher level of complexity.
Class: Aves
This class includes all birds, which are warm-blooded vertebrates with feathers and beaks. Birds lay hard-shelled eggs and have adapted to a variety of habitats.
Order: Charadriiformes
This order encompasses shorebirds, including gulls, sandpipers, and lapwings. Members of this order are typically associated with aquatic environments and exhibit diverse feeding behaviors.
Family: Charadriidae
Commonly known as the plover family, this group includes lapwings and plovers. They are characterized by their compact bodies and long legs, adapted for running and wading.
Genus: Vanellus
This genus comprises various species of lapwings, known for their striking plumage and social behavior.
Species: V. indicus
The specific epithet “indicuss” indicates the bird’s distribution in the Indian subcontinent.
The classification of the Red-Wattled Lapwing illustrates its connection to other wading birds and its adaptation to a variety of ecological niches.
Description
The Red-Wattled Lapwing is easily identifiable by its vibrant plumage. Adults have a black brown and a white face that contrasts with their brownish-grey body. The standout features are the prominent red wattles located on either side of its head and the bright yellow legs. Their wings are broad, and they have a distinct black band across their tail, which becomes visible during flight.
Size
In terms of size, the Red-Wattled Lapwing is a medium size bird. Adults typically measure between 30-38 cm (12-15 inches) in length, with a wingspan of approximately 70-75 cm (26-30 inches). Males are generally larger than females, showcasing sexual dimorphism, which is common in many birds.
Breeding
Breeding season for this bird occurs during monsoon, aligning with the availability of food and suitable nesting sites. Males establish territories through elaborate displays, showcasing their agility and strength. They can perform aerial maneuvers and loud calls to attract females, often leading elaborate courtship rituals.
Nesting
The nesting behavior of the red-wattled lapwing is particularly fascinating. They prefer to nest on the ground, often in open areas such as agricultural fields, grasslands, or near water bodies. The female typically lays 3 to 4 eggs which are pale buff or brownish in color, speckled with darker spots. Both parents share incubation duties lasting about 28-30 days.
Diet
The diet of the Red-Wattled Lapwing primarily consists of:
Insects: They are known to eat insects, making them beneficial for pest control in agricultural areas
Worms: These birds also feed on the earthworms and other invertebrates
Seeds and Grains: In addition to protein-rich foods, they consume seeds and grains, especially in the agriculture field.
Behavior and Vocalization
These are highly territorial and vocal birds. Their loud cells, often described as “did-he-do-it” can be heard frequently, especially during the breeding season.
. Aggressive Defence:
When threatened, these birds will perform a distraction display, feigning injury to protect their nests.
Habitat and Distribution
These lapwings are commonly found across the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and parts of the Middle East. They thrive in a variety of habitats, including:
. Grasslands
. Wetlands
. Cultivated fields
Conservation Status
While the Red-Wattled Lapwing is currently not considered endangered, habitat loss and environmental changes pose potential threats. Conservation efforts focus on protecting their natural habitats and raising awareness about their ecological role.
Conclusion
The Red-Wattled Lapwing is an essential part of its ecosystem, contributing to pest control and showcasing unique breeding behaviors. By understanding their nesting habits, diet, and overall ecology, we can appreciate and help protect these remarkable birds.
